Sex Trafficking Is The Trade Of Humans Essay - 1267 Words

Sex Trafficking Sex trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal.Sex trafficking is a very dangerous thing to be going on in this world. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. The Metro-Atlanta area ranks number one in sex trafficking. HOW IT STARTED Although human trafficking is being carried on from ancient times, there is very little information on when did it start. So, when did human trafficking start? There is a mixed response to it. Some people believe that human trafficking actually started in the 1700s when small children were exploited for work. Debates raged for years among feminists about â€Å"free† and â€Å"forced† prostitution, and whether or not all prostitution should be included in the definition of sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is horrible. Many people believe that prostitution is apart of sex trafficking, it could be in a way, but also it is not. Prostitution the women are willingly selling their bodies and on the other hand sex trafficking the women are being kidnapped or tricked into thinking they will be in a better lifestyle. WHO? The sex trafficking industry is fueled by buyers who pay traffickers to supply victims to meet their demand. Men,Show MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking And The Trade Of Human Sex Trafficking Essay958 Words   |  4 Pages10 countries in the region introduced new anti-trafficking laws or modified old ones. The United Nations has also picked up the fight against ending all forms of modern slavery including human sex trafficking. The U.N implemented the a protocol that focuses on â€Å"(1) prevention and combat of trafficking persons, paying particular attention to women and children; (2) to protect and assist the victims of such trafficking, with full respect for their human rights; and (3) to promote cooperation among StatesRead MoreThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 Pageswill define the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human trafficking that occurs on a much wider scaleRead MoreModern Day Slavery808 Words   |  3 Pagesexists something known as human Sex Trafficking. Some might refer to this as prostitution, or rather sex working, but really, the word sex trafficking teaches refers to the inhumane and unfathomably abusive ways of our society. The State of California’s department of Justice refers to Human Trafficking as â€Å"controlling a person through force, fraud, or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or both. The 2013 state ratings on Human Trafficking laws say that only 39 statesRead MoreThe Revolution Of New Orleans1453 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, the women sent were previous prostitution offe nders in France, and chose to continue their jobs in the sex trade upon arrival. This marks the beginning of New Orleans future as the largest red light district in America, and one of the first roots of the sex trade in the United States (Grant). Women continued to be shipped to the colonies due to their small population, and the sex trade continued to grow. By 1852, Herbert Asbury wrote that â€Å"no country in the world was not represented in San FranciscoRead MoreEssay about Sex Trafficking: How Can We Make It Stop?1158 Words   |  5 PagesSex Trafficking: How Can We Make It Stop? Introduction Sex trafficking is a problem that is happening and occurring all over the world. Many families and individuals suffer due to sex trafficking. Many people are not even aware of what it really is. Sex trafficking is when young girls, as young as five or six, get kidnapped and are used for the sexual pleasure of others with a profit, or are sold as sex slaves to other people. The official definition is, â€Å"Human sex trafficking is a form of slaveryRead MoreSex Trafficking of Children1277 Words   |  5 PagesThe trafficking of children and women for sexual purposes has become a key worry for nearly all governments throughout the world. Accounts in the United States regarding human trafficking for the purpose of sexually exploiting women and children have shown the matter is also a national problem and that it is on the rise. A projected 60,000 women and children are trafficked each year in the United States (Wheaton Schauer, 2006). These victims generally come from the regions of Latin America,Read MoreThe Sex Trade: Slavery and Prostitution Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagestheir slaves (Potocky, 2010). Sex trade is a global problem presently and will increase throughout the world if nothing is done to prevent and eliminate it. Sex slavery is a type of prostitution in which the trafficker’s make an increased profit through the solicitation of slaves. Sex trade will continue if nothing is done to prevent it globally. Lastly, in order for sex slavery to be abolished, international governments will have to take action and support anti-sex trade. A future epidemic of womenRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Common Issue For A Long Time1394 Words   |  6 Pages Sex trafficking can happen everywhere. People do not even realize when it is happening. Someone could be living their life, just as they normally do, and decided to go to the mall. Sometimes they may not even know that a little kid is going to be kidnapped, and later raped. This is what sex traffickin g is. Sex trafficking is commonly defined as when violence, drugs, lies, or any other form of coercion is used to force another person to have sex against their will. (Sex Trafficking in the U.S, 1)Read MoreHuman Trafficking In Russia: Prostitution661 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Trafficking In Russia: Prostitution Human trafficking is one of the major problems that is facing Russia. And Russia is considered the largest country in the whole world. It is massively known for the origin and final destination of trafficked men, women, and children who are forced to labor. Trafficking is carried out mainly for the purpose of exploitation, which includes prostitution, forced labor, slavery, removal of organs and many others (human trafficking in and out of Russia). This isRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is The Modern Form Of Enslavement1267 Words   |  6 PagesInitiatives on Human Trafficking Almost two centuries after the 16th President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, a new type of slave trade has taken possession of the lives of many human beings worldwide. Human trafficking is the modern form of enslavement. It includes the purchasing and selling of individuals for forced labor or sexual abuse. This new type of enslavement of human beings is evident all around the world. Additionally, the number of enslaved victims today is surpassing

Racism in Professional Sports Free Essays

Racism is a problem that has existed in our society for many years. The roots of racism date back to when slavery was considered normal, and even further back then that. Racism happens all the time, everyday and everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Professional Sports or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a complex issue which occurs at many different levels. In the world of sports racism is happening more often and becoming more of a concern. The first major example is of Jackie Robinson. Robinson is considered a leader in the black community for breaking the color barrier in the sport of baseball. Although Robinson went through a great deal of prejudice, many black athletes today face similar problems. The National Hockey League, Major League Baseball, and many other associations are dealing with this problem even still today. Racism doesn’t only occur on the field. Today the management side of sports is more racist then the on field part. Racism is a problem that existed in sport when it first originated and continues to exist even in the world of sport today. Racism started in the beginning of sport when there were two separate leagues, the white league and the black league. It was in 1947, when Jackie Robinson stepped into the white world of baseball, that people noticed this was occurring. At the time no one was concerned with this because everything was segregated back then. â€Å"The verbal taunting, physical abuse, and death threats unleashed on him and his family had the 27 year old on the verge of mental breakdown (Guss, 1997). Robinson got through it by ignoring all those comments and using it as the reason he would play, to prove everyone wrong. He realized that he represented an entire race of people and if he were to explode he would condemn himself and his entire race. â€Å"I suffered then because I hoped to provide a better future for my children and for young black people everywhere, and because I naively believed that my sacrifices might help a little to make America the kind of country it was supposed to be†(Guss, 1997). Despite all the negativity, Robinson excelled in the majors by winning the 1947 Rookie of the Year award and helping lead his team to the World Series. Robinson’s perseverance throughout his career is what paved the way for black athletes to make a stand and prove to the world that they can compete with white athletes. After Robinson’s career was over the opportunity for black athletes to play on the same level as whites athletes had increased greatly. Although Jackie Robinson was discriminated upon half a century ago many black athletes today have to go through similar racism. In Major League Baseball racism is still a concern. Even though today African Americans are given an equal opportunity to compete, there are still certain people and players that disagree with this. In the same day and age that Albert Belle can earn $10 million per year, indicating that players are paid based on talent rather than skin color or personality, African Americans failed to make any progress (Guss, 1997). A big controversy that occurred during the 2000 baseball season included Atlanta Braves relief pitcher John Rocker. In an interview with Sports Illustrated Rocker made many derogatory, sexist, and racist remarks about the city of New York and the people who lived there. For his actions he was given a 22 game suspension and a reputation in society and throughout baseball as a racist(http://www. spn. go/profile/prifiles. com/mlb). Another example of racism in modern day baseball involves Marge Schott. â€Å"In an interview with Primetime Live, Cincinnati Reds owner Marge Schott repeated her belief that everyone uses the word nigger. She argued that racism is an invention of the press. Schott had been suspended from baseball for allegedly declaring that ‘I’d rather have a trained monkey working for me then a nigger,’ and remarking ‘Hitler was good in the beginning but he went too far†(Steinberg, 1992). Schott was punished for her remarks with a $25,000 fine, a suspension for one year, and removal from the Reds day to day operations. Baseball chairman Bud Selig wants to make it clear to everyone associated with baseball that racism will not be excepted in this business. From John Rocker to Marge Schott the world of baseball has been altered by their remarks. It was thought that there was racist thoughts in Major League Baseball, but these two actions brought it to the forefront. The chairman definitely made the right move by suspending and fining these two. By doing that he shows that â€Å"racist utterances have no place in the national pastime†(Kirshenbaum, 1993). The National Hockey League is a sport that has been dominated by white players for its entire existence. There is an extremely small percentage of black players in the NHL today. Mike Greer of the Edmonton Oilers is one of these few black players. During one of the games last season Greer was being given a hard time and players kept yelling racial slurs at him. Another incident that occurred was between Marty McSorley and Donald Brashear. Donald Brashear, like Greer, is one of the few African Americans in the National Hockey League. The incident that occurred between these two was that McSorley hit Brashear in the face with his stick. This happened toward the end of the game, in which MrSorley was immediately thrown out of the game. NHL Commissioner Gary Bettmann acted quickly by hitting McSorley with a suspension for the remainder of the regular season, which only had twenty three games remaining. This was the longest suspension for any player due to an on ice incident. On top of that suspension the case was taken to court. â€Å"Although McSorley was found guilty by a Canadian court he received only an eighteen months probation, and the offense won’t appear on his record if he completes the time without violating the terms of the probation. McSorley is also forbidden to play against Brashear in Canada or the U. S. during the probationary period. As an unrestricted free-agent it’s possible no one will sign the 17-year veteran; if they do, he must meet with NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman before being reinstated†(Hardesty, 2000). Race is an issue everywhere and it always going to be,† says Pro Bowl running back Ricky Watters. â€Å"It’s sneaky now. The owners have to be politically correct now. It isn’t fashionable anymore to be a racist. Now they have to kind of go behind the scenes, but believe me it’s still there. It’s not really something you can explain. It’s just a feeling. Just look at how many black head coaches were hired this year†(Guss, 1997). This quote was in response to the year of 1997 when Sherm Lewis, offensive coordinator for the Green Bay Packers who is African American wasn’t even interviewed for a head coaching job. This is an issue because teams usually look for successful coordinators to be the head coach of their team. Sherm Lewis had just led his team to a Super Bowl appearance, while having his offense lead the league in points and yards per game. On top of this Dan Reeves, former coach of the New York Giants, was offered a head coaching position for the Atlanta Falcons after going 31-33 his last four years. It makes you wonder why a successful offensive coordinator with four Super Bowl appearances under his belt would not get interviewed while another man with a poor record would be given a head coaching job. As NFL’s all time sack leader Reggie White puts it, â€Å"There is racism in the NFL. There are teams who have problems with black coaches and black quarterbacks†(Guss, 1997). Racism does exist in every aspect of life. From earlier times to more recent times it is obvious that racism is a part everyday life. When Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in sports in 1947 he had imagined that by today things would have changed significantly, and to some extent they have. Even though African Americans are now allegedly offered similar treatment in sport, they are still treated differently. In all sports there is a very small percentage of African American coaches and managers. In some cases the black coach has had a much better resume, but still not given the job. This is the world we live in today. Racism is still a problem and will continue to be until their are changes made in the front office. As Hank Aaron says, â€Å"It’s a closed society in many ways. We will still have some problems in sports, no question about it. I want people to realize that we still have a long way to go†(Guss, 1997). How to cite Racism in Professional Sports, Essay examples

Complex Clinical Situation Essay

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Complex Clinical Situation. Answer: Introduction This essay presents the state of ethical controversy arising from a complex clinical situation when an elderly patient in the RAC (Residential Aged Care Facility) experienced the episode of chest pain and eventually died from cardiac arrest during the process of her transfer to the emergency care unit. Despite the patients refusal of receiving treatment intervention in a medical emergency, she was transferred to the emergency care unit of the hospital and resuscitated by paramedic during the episode of cardiac arrest. Various legal and ethical discrepancies related to the case study discussed in the context of evidence-based literature and accordingly the appropriate defensible solution provided for combating these difficult scenarios. The stakeholders in the presented case study include the registered nurse and paramedic who were deployed in the RAC (Residential Aged Care) facility for attending the elderly patient in the scenario of a medical emergency. Other stakeholders include the RAC facility, primary care physician as well as the family members of the elderly individual. The case study presents an ethical dilemma that occurred when the healthcare team attempted to save the life of the patient during the episode of cardiac arrest. In the absence of the accomplishment of the advanced care directive (ACD) by the patient, the registered nurse professional and paramedic facilitated the patient transfer to the hospital and administered the resuscitating intervention in the context of saving the life of the affected patient. The life saving intervention based upon the patient transfer and aggressive resuscitation administration was carried on in the best interest of the patient for her revival. Contrarily, aggressi ve treatment and transfer interventions were administered in the absence of the will and consent of the elderly patient. Nurse professionals require accomplishing their moral obligations while undertaking the ethical challenges encountered during the course of clinical interventions to the treated patients (Zahedi, et al., 2013). However, nurse professionals also require practicing autonomy in taking independent decisions while encountering complex clinical scenarios. Evidence-based literature demonstrates the pattern of reciprocal relationship between the workspace constraints and the eventual adverse psychosocial outcomes faced by the nurse professionals across the clinical setting. In the presented case study, the registered nurse was bound to order the transfer of patient to the hospital setting under the influence of ethical constraints and healthcare protocols enforced by the RAC facility (Gaffney, DeMarco, Hofmeyer, Vessey, Budin, 2012). Resultantly, the registered nurse faced legal charges from the family members of the patient in terms of the allegation regarding assault and battery that resu lted in the death of the patient on arrival in the emergency department. Research findings by (Dyson, Bray, Bernard, Straney, Finn, 2016) indicate the effectiveness of the out-of-hospital resuscitation by paramedics in terms of saving the lives of patients affected with the episodes of cardiac arrest. In the presented case study, the paramedic following the same convention with the objective of reversing the complications faced by the patient under the influence of cardiac arrest. Furthermore, practicing the appropriate medical interventions for reducing the deterioration in the clinical condition of the patient regarded as the moral and ethical right of the paramedic professional. The registered nurses as well as paramedic professionals continue to face the pattern of discourse related to the publication of healthcare guidelines and their implementation across the clinical settings (O'Driscoll, et al., 2016). In the presented case study, the patient never signed any ACD; however, she verbally refused the aggressive life saving treatment in case of medical emergency. This resulted in an ethical dilemma when she faced the episode of chest pain and cardiac arrest and eventually the RN and paramedic were left with no choice than to immediately transfer her to the hospital emergency while administering the resuscitation intervention during the process of transfer. The rights and dignity of the both RN and paramedic need significant consideration by the healthcare authorities while configuring any decision in response to the complaint filed by the family members of the affected patient. The findings in evidence-based research literature advocate the requirement of elevation of the dignity of registered nurse professionals and paramedics for improving patient care outcomes in nursing practice (Parandeh, Khaghanizade, Mohammadi, Mokhtari-Nouri, 2016). In the presented case study, the dignity and rights of the members of healthcare team as well as the RAC facility r emained at stake after the decision of the patients family members for suing the healthcare teams members while making them responsible for the death of the affected patient. Resultantly, the diminution of the rights and dignity of the registered nurse, paramedic and RAC facility might affect the quality of healthcare services and medical decision making undertaken by them in prospective clinical scenarios. The evidence-based findings by (Scheunemann, 2011) advocate the requirement of rationing while extending care and assistance of the patient population. Rationing emphasizes the need for selectively blocking the administration of treatment interventions to the patients in various treatment scenarios. In the presented case study, the concept of rationing was not utilized in the context of the fact that the patient could not sign the ACD while mentioning her unwillingness in receiving potentially lifesaving treatment in case of medical emergency. From the perspective of ethical convention, healthcare strategies require the administration in accordance with the desire and consent of the treated patient. However, the legislative convention does not allow medical professionals to refrain themselves in administering life saving healthcare interventions to the deteriorated patient in the absence of duly signed ACD mentioning the unwillingness of the patient in receiving aggressive treatment. Contrarily, the rule of rescue encourages healthcare professionals in administering life saving strategies to the dying individuals irrespective of the limited scope of benefit (Scheunemann, 2011). The principles of healthcare ethics describe the adverse influence of the moral strain and incongruence of values on the pattern of medical decision making and associated healthcare interventions for the treated patients (Gabel, 2011). In the presented clinical scenario, the registered nurse professional was unable to align her moral values with the perspectives and values of the patient and therefore, execute the decision of transferring the patient to the hospital under the influence of the moral strain. The act of the registered nurse professional proved unethical from the perspective that emphasizes the requirement of including the patients in their medical-decision making. The nurse professional required effectively communicating with the patient on an ongoing basis for evaluating h er perspectives, contentions and cultural beliefs and could have informed the same to the RAC management in the context of taking an evidence-based ethical decision during the episode of patients cardiac arrest (Kourkouta Papathanasiou, 2014). Contrarily, the lack of an effective therapeutic relationship of a registered nurse with the patient resulted in the unilateral decision of the healthcare team in transferring the patient to the hospital emergency while attempting to resuscitate her during the episode of cardiac arrest. The research findings by (Kim, Roth, Wollburg, 2015) indicate the influence of a therapeutic relationship of the healthcare team with the treated patient on the pattern of his/her psychosocial outcomes. In the presented clinical scenario, the elevation in patients psychosocial outcomes following the nursing might indicate the improvement in the psychological state of the patient; however, this might not influence her decision of not receiving the life saving interventions in case of medical emergency. Therefore, analysis of the case scenario from this perspective indicates that the registered nurse professional appropriately utilized the conventions of professional practice while ordering the patient transfer under adverse clinical circumstances. The code of ethics and professional conduct stipulated by NMBA (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia) advocates the requirement of administering qualitative healthcare interventions to the patient population (NMBA, 2016). The ethical code also signifies the requirement of treating the patients and family members with kindness and affection. In the presented clinical scenario, the registered nurse professionals failed to consider the treatment preference of the patient during a medical emergency indicates the absence of kind gesture of the healthcare team in dealing with the patients condition. However, the same convention also advocates the requirement of practicing safety measures for enhancing the well-being of the treated patient. Therefore, with this perspective in mind the nurse professional and paramedic rightly practiced the ethical norms while attempting to save the life of the deteriorated patient. The nursing code of ethics advocates the requirement of maintaining trans parency with the treated patient while administering diagnostic and treatment interventions (Gallagher Hodge, 2012, p. 79). However, in the presented clinical scenario there was no commitment between the medical team and the patient and her family members regarding the needful action in case of a medical emergency with the patient. Resultantly, the decision-making by the registered nurse and paramedic gave rise to an ethical dilemma. Evidence-based clinical literature advocates the requirement of practicing phenomenological approaches by the medical professionals while administering care interventions for the patient population in the clinical setting (Greenfield Jensen, 2010). The ethical concerns embedded in the chronic conditions and adverse experiences of the affected patient require due consideration by the nurse professionals and paramedics while taking calculated decisions during medical emergencies. In the presented clinical scenario, the age of the patient and her chronic cardiovascular, psychological and musculoskeletal conditions proved to be the biggest hindrance in administering care and treatment interventions to the patient in the hospital setting. According to this ethical perspective, the registered nurse professional required evaluating the probability of patients survival while taking an evidence-based decision during the medical emergency. Furthermore, the absence of a thorough discussion regarding the end-of-life issues of the patient and her family members resulted in a conflicting situation where the registered nurse professional experienced ethical stress because of her incapacity of taking a moral decision during the episode of patients intense chest pain (Ulrich, et al., 2013). Resultantly, the decision of transferring the patient to the hospital unit was taken by the registered nurse professional with the sole objective of saving the life of the deteriorated-patient. Advanced care conventions for the elderly patient advocate the re quirement of providing culture oriented care and therapy during the end stage of life (Kalra, Forman, Goodlin, 2015). In the presented clinical scenario, the nurse professional as well as other members of the healthcare teams required undertaking advanced care planning for the patient while including her family members and primary care provider for surpassing any potential conflict related to the medical decision making during the end stage of patients life. The ethical decision making related to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention by the medical teams requires the consideration of patients perspectives related to the life and death decisions (Hayes, 2013). Contrarily, in the presented clinical scenario the paramedic utilized the technical and legal perspective of decision making while administering resuscitating approach for saving the life of the patient during the episode of cardiac arrest (Hayes, 2013). This resulted in the ethical dilemma requiring intervention of t he jurisdiction following the allegation by patients family members. The legally and ethically defensible solution to the potential conflicts arising from the treatment decisions undertaken during medical emergencies attribute to the inclusion of the elderly patient as well as her family members while configuring advanced care planning and associated approaches. The nurse manager needs to evaluate and address the elderly patients chronic conditions; cultural background and associated conventions related to the treatment strategies that the patient aspires to receive while experiencing the state of deteriorated health. The configuration of individualized and holistic healthcare approaches requires strategic execution while prioritizing the perspectives of the treated patient in adverse circumstances. On the other hand, the medical teams also need to provide thorough explanation to the patients family members regarding the adversities the patient might face in the absence of the requisite resuscitation intervention administered with the objective of sav ing the life of the affected patient during the episode of severe conditions like cardiac arrest and respiratory failure. Indeed, the nurse professional, paramedic as well as other members of the healthcare team must effectively collaborate with the elderly patient and his/her family members while taking calculated decisions regarding the treatment methodology requiring administration to the patient during complex clinical situations. Conclusion The presented clinical scenario presented an ethical as well as legal dilemma arising from the decision undertaken by the registered nurse professional as well as paramedic in transferring the patient to the hospital while administering resuscitation intervention for saving her life during the episode of cardiac arrest. Various ethical and legal conventions require subjective consideration by the healthcare teams in caring for the elderly patients across the RAC facilities. Healthcare decision makers must configure holistic interventions and policies for assisting medical professionals in taking the most appropriate and valid decisions while tackling the medical emergencies experienced by the elderly patients. Bibliography Dyson, K., Bray, J. E., Bernard, S., Straney, L., Finn, J. (2016). Paramedic Exposure to Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Is Associated With Patient Survival. Circulation, Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 154-160. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002317 Gabel, S. (2011). Ethics and Values in Clinical Practice: Whom Do They Help? Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(5), 421-424. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0781 Gaffney, D. A., DeMarco, R. F., Hofmeyer, A., Vessey, J. A., Budin, W. C. (2012). Making Things Right: Nurses' Experiences with Workplace BullyingA Grounded Theory. Nursing Research and Practice. doi:10.1155/2012/243210 Gallagher, A., Hodge, S. (2012). Ethics, Law and Professional Issues: A Practice-Based Approach for Health Professionals. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Greenfield, B., Jensen, G. M. (2010). Beyond a code of ethics: phenomenological ethics for everyday practice. Physiotherapy Research International, 88-95. doi:10.1002/pri.481 Hayes, B. (2013). Clinical model for ethical cardiopulmonary resuscitation decision-making. Internal Medicine Journal, 77-83. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02841.x Kalra, A., Forman, D. E., Goodlin, S. J. (2015). Medical decision making for older adults: an international perspective comparing the United States and India. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 329-334. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2015.04.003 Kim, S., Roth, W. T., Wollburg, E. (2015). Effects of therapeutic relationship, expectancy, and credibility in breathing therapies for anxiety. Bulletin of Menninger Clinic, 116-30. doi:10.1521/bumc.2015.79.2.116 Kourkouta, L., Papathanasiou, I. V. (2014). Communication in Nursing Practice. Materia Sociomedica, 26(1), 65-67. doi:10.5455/msm.2014.26.65-67 NMBA. (2016). Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. Retrieved from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/ O'Driscoll, B. R., Bakerly, N. D., Caress, A. L., Roberts, J., Gaston, M., Newton, M., Yorke, J. (2016). A study of attitudes, beliefs and organisational barriers related to safe emergency oxygen therapy for patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) in clinical practice and research. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 3(1). doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2015-000102 Parandeh, A., Khaghanizade, M., Mohammadi, E., Mokhtari-Nouri, J. (2016). Nurses human dignity in education and practice: An integrated literature review. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 21(1), 1-8. doi:10.4103/1735-9066.174750 Scheunemann, L. P. (2011). The Ethics and Reality of Rationing in Medicine. Chest, 1625-1632. doi:10.1378/chest.11-0622 Ulrich, C. M., Taylor, C., Soeken, K., O'Donnell, P., Farrar, A., Danis, M., Grady, C. (2013). Everyday Ethics: Ethical Issues and Stress in Nursing Practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05425.x Zahedi, F., Sanjari, M., Aala, M., Peymani, M., Aramesh, K., Parsapour, A., . . . Dastgerdi, M. V. (2013). The Code of Ethics for Nurses. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(1), 1-8. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712593/

Sample Resume - High School - Work Experience Essays - Economy

Sample Resume - High School - Work Experience Massah Sheriff 24 Gomana Street Slack Creek, OLD 4127 cell: 0412853256 email: [emailprotected] Objective: To obtain a part time position as a replenishment team member at Woolworths Sunnybank Hills. Experience One Stop Pizza and Kebabs Stock Rotation Cash Register Cash Handling Cleaning, Store Set Up Store Closing Procedures Customer Service KFC Position: Customer service team member Stock rotation Unpacking stock Cash register, cash handling on drive thru and front counter Cleaning, Store Set Up Store Closing Procedures Achievements Certificate ll Health Services 2015 Certificate lll Health Services 2016-11-28 CPR for life in schools Certificate for Participation 2016 Interests/ Activities Learning about other cultures Fashion Learning Other cultures Reference Chole Martin KFC Manger M: 0428933899 Email: [emailprotected] Tammy Vonhill KFC Manger M: 0407674530

MACHIAVELLIS VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE essays

MACHIAVELLIS VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE essays In The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli presents a view of governing a state that is drastically different from that of humanists of his time. Machiavelli believes the ruling Prince should be the sole authority determining every aspect of the state and put in effect a policy which would serve his best interests. These interests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his political power.1 His understanding of human nature was a complete contradiction of what humanists believed and taught. Machiavelli strongly promoted a secular society and felt morality was not necessary but in fact stood in the way of an effectively governed principality.2 Though in come cases Machiavelli's suggestions seem harsh and immoral one must remember that these views were derived out of concern Italy's unstable political condition.3 Though humanists of Machiavelli's time believed that an individual had much to offer to the well being of the state, Machiavelli was quick to mock human nature. Humanists believed that "An individual only 'grows to maturity- both intellectually and morally- through participation' in the life of the state."4 Machiavelli generally distrusted citizens, stating that "...in time of adversity, when the state is in need of it's citizens there are few to be found."5 Machiavelli further goes on to question the loyalty of the citizens and advises the Prince that "...because men a wretched creatures who would not keep their word to you, you need keep your word to them."6 However, Machiavelli did not feel that a Prince should mistreat the citizens. This suggestion once again to serve the Prince's best interests. If a prince can not be both feared and loved, Machiavelli suggests, it would be better for him to be feared bey the citizens within his own principality. He makes the generalization that men are, "...ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are...

Group Essays Develop 21st Century Skills

Group Essays Develop 21st Century Skills Teachers in any discipline should consider assigning a collaborative writing assignment, such as a group essay or paper. Here are three practical reasons to plan to use a collaborative writing assignment with students in grades 7-12.   Reason #1:  In preparing students to be college and career ready, it is important to provide exposure to a collaborative process.  The skill of collaboration and communication is one of the 21st Century Skills embedded in academic content standards.   Real world writing is often completed in the form of group writing- an undergraduate college group project, a report for a business, or a newsletter for a non-profit institution. Collaborative writing can result in more ideas or solutions for completing a task. Reason # 2: Collaborative writing results in fewer products for a teacher to assess. If there are 30 students in a class, and the teacher organizes collaborative writing groups of three students each, the end product will be 10 papers or projects to grade as opposed to 30 papers or projects to grade.   Reason #3: Research supports collaborative writing.  According to Vygostsky’s theory of ZPD (zone of proximal development),  when students work with others, there is an opportunity for all learners to work at a level slightly above their usual capacity, as co-operating with others who know a little more can boost achievement. The Collaborative Writing Process The most obvious difference between an individual writing assignment and a collaborative or group writing assignment is in the assigning of responsibilities:  who will write what? According to  P21s  Framework for 21st Century Learning, students engaging in collaborative writing are also  practicing  the  21st Century skills of  communicating clearly  if they are given the opportunity to: Articulate thoughts and ideas effectively using oral, written and nonverbal communication skills in a variety of forms and contextsListen effectively to decipher meaning, including knowledge, values, attitudes and intentionsUse communication for a range of purposes (e.g. to inform, instruct, motivate and persuade)Utilize multiple  media and technologies, and know how to judge their effectiveness a priori as well as assess their impactCommunicate effectively in diverse environments (including multi-lingual) The following outline will help teachers and then students address the logistics of running a collaborative assignment in which all members of the group have defined  responsibilities.  This outline can be adapted to be used in groups of various sizes (two to five writers) or to any content area. The Writing Process Any collaborative writing process must be taught to students and practiced several times a year with the goal for students to manage the group writing process themselves.   As in any writing assignment, individual or group, a teacher must clearly articulate the  purpose of the assignment  (to inform, to explain, to persuade...)  The purpose of writing will also mean identifying the target audience. Providing students a rubric for collaborative writing in advance will better help them understand the expectations for the task. Once purpose and audience have been established, then designing and implementing a collaborative writing paper or essay is not very different than following the five steps of the  writing process: PrewritingDraftingRevisionEditingPublishing Pre-writing process Students in the group review the  assignment and the requirements for the final product or paper;Students in the group  brainstorm and share ideas;Students in the group  formulate a draft or working thesis:This is a first attempt at developing a position or assertion;Because the  early stages of the writing process are where the groups writers are guided by questions they have (inquiry based learning), the working thesis is not the final thesis statement. Planning and Logistics Students in the group  decide together who will write which parts of the paper.  This will require that students collaborate, rather than merely cooperate. Here is the difference:When collaborating, students work together on a single shared goal;When cooperating, students perform together while working on selfish yet common goals.Students in the group  document the collaboration plan based on  the assignment requirements  (Ex: book review, pro/con persuasive paper) and agree upon the plan;Students in the group  determine a timeline that outlines deadlines for both individual and group responsibilities;Students in the group  determine when work can be done synchronously (in class/in person) or asynchronously (online). With the use of online writing platforms such as Google Docs, these group  determinations will help the group share updates and information more effectively. Management of Research Students in the group  draft how the assignment will be managed  (Ex: sections, chapters, paragraphs, appendices);Students in the group  determine how and where they will find trustworthy and timely source materials (books, articles, newspaper articles, videos, podcasts, websites, interviews or self-created surveys for research on topic);Students in the group  determine who will read and process the information;Pro/con evidence should be balanced;Evidence must be cited;Citations must be cataloged;Students in the group  analyze the evidence as to how well it supports position;Students in the group  determine the best way to include additional evidence (EX: pictures, graphs, tables, and charts.) Drafting and Writing Individual students keep in mind how the material and individual writing will fit into the paper or product.Students writing together synchronously  (in class/in person) or  asynchronously  (online):Writing as a group is  time-consuming; these opportunities should be left to making sure the document is organized to give the reader the impression of one cohesive voice.Student in the group should make sure that the paper or products content is clear and the writing communicates a single (or in the case of pro/con, a whole) message to the target audience before discussing stylistic changes. Revising, Editing, and Proofreading Students in the group review drafted parts of the document before merging into a single document;Students in the group  look for a logical flow of ideas. (Note:  Teaching students to use  transitions is critical to smoothing over individual drafts);Students in the group  revise content and structure of the paper;Students in the group  proofread paper and check for typos, spelling errors, punctuation problems, formatting issues, and grammatical mistakes. (Note: Reading the paper aloud  is an excellent strategy for editing). Additional Research on Collaborative Writing Regardless as to the size of the group or the content area classroom, students will manage their writing by following an organizational pattern. This finding is based on the  results of a  study  (1990) conducted by Lisa Ede and Andrea Lunsford that resulted in a book  Singular Texts /Plural Authors: Perspectives on Collaborative Writing,  According to their work, there are  seven noted organizational patterns for collaborative writing.  These seven patterns are: the team plans and outlines the task, then each writer prepares his/her part and the group compiles the individual parts, and revises the whole document as needed;the team plans and outlines the writing task, then one member prepares a draft, the team edits and revises the draft;one member of the team plans and writes a draft, the group revises the draft;one person plans and writes the draft, then one or more members revises the draft without consulting the original authors;the group plans and writes the draft, one or more members revise the draft without consulting the original authors;one person assigns the tasks, each member completes the individual task, one person compiles and revises the document;one dictates, another transcribes and edits. Tackling the Downsides to Collaborative Writing In order to  maximize the effectiveness of a collaborative writing assignment, all students in each group must be active participants. Therefore: Instructors need to monitor the progress of each group, provide feedback and assist when necessary.   Initially, this form of monitoring may be more time-consuming than traditional teaching formats, but a teacher can meet with groups more effectively over time than individual students. While the front-loading the collaborative writing assignment takes time, the number of final products is substantially reduced so the grading time is also reduced.A collaborative writing project must be designed in a way so that the final assessment is considered valid, fair and accurate. The final assessment must consider the knowledge and performance of all group members.   Grading complexities can make group assignments difficult for instructors. (See group grading article)Students may sometimes struggle with making decisions in a group setting.There can be  additional stress on students  because of multiple opinions and writing styles. These must be incorporated into one final product that pleases everyone.   Conclusion Preparing students for real-world collaborative experiences is an important goal, and the collaborative writing process can better help teachers meet that goal. The research supports a collaborative approach. Even though the collaborative writing approach may require more time in the set-up and monitoring, the fewer number of papers for teachers to grade is an extra bonus.

Assignment s Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

S - Assignment Example Thus, it would be more convenient for the defendants and plaintiffs to attend the court hearing in either Greece or Cyprus. According to Lear, the doctrine of forum non conveniens is supposed to provide convenience to the parties above all else (1147). In Piper vs Reyno the fact that most of the evidence including the plane wreckage and witnesses could be found in Scotland or near Scotland was given as one of the grounds for granting forum non conveniens. Similarly, the plane wreckage is in Athens and since the flights took off from Cyprus, further evidence could be obtained from the ground crew there. Furthermore, some of the evidence is in Greek and Greek law will be applicable in some matters. In Piper vs Reyno, it was reasoned that an American jury will have a hard time understanding foreign laws. If the case is heard in the district court, Greek law would have to apply and it is in doubt if the jury would comprehend Greek law. In Piper vs Reyno, American courts were cautioned against adjudicating foreign matters as this would place unnecessary burden on the American court system. In the case, both the defendant and plaintiffs are foreign citizens therefore meaning the US has little public interest in deciding the matter. In this case, the plaintiffs favor the district court as here they would obtain ten times as much compensation and damages for the suit. However, in Piper vs Reyno it was ruled that plaintiff’s favored forum had little bearing on granting dismissal on grounds of forum non conveniens. If courts were to take plaintiffs choice of forums as weighty consideration then dismissal would be rare. Furthermore, in Yavuz vs 61 MM LTD it was help that claims do not have to be similar to those offered by the district courts for a foreign jurisdiction to be accessed as an adequate forum In addition, the change of forum would not change either party’s case as plaintiffs could still make claims of

Netflix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Netflix - Research Paper Example It also offers flat rate DVD rental-by-mail in the U.S. Recently, the company has announced its plans for rebranding and restructuring of its DVD home media rental service into an independent subsidiary company called Qwikster, there by completely separating DVD rentals and streaming media (Murph, 2011). Hastings background and education Reed Hastings, the founder and the CEO of Netflix has been the company’s chairperson from the time it was established. Hasting was born October 8, 1960 in Boston, Massachusetts, and is a prominent entrepreneur and education philanthropist. He is married with two children and lives in the San Francisco Bay Area (Hamilton, 2011). He graduated from high school in 1978 from the Buckingham Browne & Nichols School in Cambridge, Massachusetts and for one year, he was a sales person for Rainbow Vacuum Cleaners (BB&N, 2011). Hastings studied mathematics at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine where he was awarded the Smyth Prize in 1981and Hammond Prize in 1983, before graduating with BA in 1983 (Hamilton, 2011). After a short stint with US Marine Corps in 1981, he joined the Peace Corps and taught high school maths in Swaziland from 1983 to 1985, and from his tour of duty, he joined Stanford graduate school, earning a masters degree in computer science in 1988 (Zipkin, 2006). Career, personality and skills After graduation, his first job was at Adaptive Technology, where through his creativity, invented a tool for debugging software. He left Adaptive Technology in 1991 to form his first company, Pure Software that specialized on products for troubleshooting software, and grew rapidly to the extent that he found it challenging to run the company (Zipkin, 2006). The experience from teaching in Swaziland, working at Adaptive Technology, and managing Pure Software made Hastings more determined, focused, and this transformed him from an engineering background to a CEO material. Following its success, Pure Software merged with Atria So ftware in 1996 forming Pure Atria that was acquired by Rationale Software in 1997 prompting Hastings to leave company shortly after the acquisition (Clark, 1997). To sum his personality and skills, Hastings is considered as being intelligent, creative, determined, understanding, analytical and a very charismatic leader, which is a scarce combination (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, p.276). Idea for that led to establishment of Netflix and it improvement For two years after acquisition of his company, he became more engrossed in philanthropic education reform efforts and other sociopolitical reforms. It was during this time that the idea of forming Netflix Inc cropped. One day in 1997, he got late to return a Blockbuster video tape and was fined $40 for the Apollo 13, something that embarrassed him, triggering him to think about the huge market that was available if only a company did not impose huge fine on customers on lateness fees (Abkowitz, 2009). It was then when he began investigat ing on how to establish a movie rental business by mail. In his study, he realized that customers did not like long queues that were found in rental stores, poor selections, process of returning the movie, and the lateness

Napoleon’s Fatal March Essay Example for Free

Napoleon’s Fatal March Essay While immeasurable literature on Napoleonic Wars exists, there are still some mysteries yet to be unveiled on the comprehension of both wars and the circumstances in which they came to. Perhaps the major mystery concerns the role of Russia in international relations in the Napoleonic era, misunderstood both in Russia and in other parts of the world. One of these literatures, Moscow 1812: Napoleons Fatal March analyses the state of affairs during the French Invasion of Russia and subsequent proceedings during Napoleon’s reign, that eventually marked an end to Napoleonic empire whose troop, while trying to access Moscow, were defeated. This history would not have been realized were it not for some influential military leaders at the time. Their leadership strategies influenced the 1812 campaign. One of the leaders was Alexander perhaps meeting him was one thing Napoleon regretted, being one of the most exciting Tsars because he was very contradictory. He was the ruler of Russia during the Napoleonic Wars and was victorious in many military campaigns. His contradictions were evident when, during his tenure, he introduced liberal reforms, after which he revoked them again in the second half of his tenure. The second leader was Bagration. In the wars of 1805 Bagrations achievements were noted at the Battle of Hollabrunn where he resisted and emerged victorious with only a small army, the continuous attacks of forces that were way bigger than his own in numbers. The eventual surrender of the forces helped him secure the major army that was being let by Kutuzov. This army was important in the war against the French and it had to be guarded. Kutuzov, a cunning leader, who was hated by many but adored by his soldiers, commanded the Russian corps in 1805 which did not agree with Napoleon’s encroachment on Vienna. He tried to stop allied generals from going to war on the Austerlitz eve, but the Tsar did not heed to his command, he thus did not take part in the planning arrangements so that he would not be blamed in case they lost. Kutuzov served as governor-general of Lithuania and Kiev from 1806 to 1811. He is honored for the victory the French. The Russian campaign’s outcome was very obvious but in every war they went to, both parties claimed to have won; by the end of 1812, however, it was clear the French had been defeated. Unfortunately for the Russians, they still could not be declared winners. This invasion marked a turning point in the history of Europe and the world as a whole. Approximately 450,000 soldiers were annihilated, reducing the French and its allied military to a very small figure of their original power and this caused a grand change in the politics of Europeans, since the earlier principal position of the French on the continent had been significantly reduced. It is noted that the French invasion failed because of the ambitions of Napoleon who did not consider what Alexander, his Russian ally, thought of him invading Moscow. In his book, Zamoyski has made possible the provision of accounts of the events that took place in Russia at the time. Personal accounts of the characters and in illustrating the attitudes, craftiness and alertness of the soldiers from both sides in the 1812 campaign, he depicts the plans of Alexander as a scheming leader, Napoleon as an ambitious and arrogant one, Kutuzov and Bagration as those leaders who brought liberation to Russia from the French. He also looks into their lives as they endured suffering during that period in futility. Reference: Zamosky A. (2005). Moscow 1812: Napoleon’s Fatal March. New York. HarperCollins

The Hofstra Production of Shakespeare’s Play, Loves Labors Lost :: Love Labor Lost

The Hofstra Production of Shakespeare’s Play, Love's Labor's Lost Well-educated college students who study Shakespeare’s plays tend to have mixed feelings on how to stage scenes. In Shakespeare's Love's Labor's Lost, the boy says, "An excellent device. Now Hercules destroys the snake." (5.2.137). Here he is supposed to be taken seriously and be bringing out a good point during the "Nine Worthies." In the Hofstra stage version he pretty much looks like a joke and his comments then become meaningless. He should have been appearing as a much more serious character, portraying the attitude of an intelligent young boy. As the production proceeded there were other distractions that caught the viewer's eye. Another major distraction was the running to the microphones to sing or to state an idea. If everyone else can hear the actors and actresses for the rest of the play what was the point of the microphones? Along with the microphones and running, the songs really tended to cause the audience to become less interested. The crowd’s attention goes towards the microphone and the rest of the play is ignored. Another major problem was the scenery. The stage was set the same for every scene, never changing, although the setting changed in the text version. For instance, when all the men, beginning with Berowne, confess that they broke the oath and fell in love they are in a forest-like setting. When the production took place there were no trees or bushes. When Berowne says, "I was behind the tree and heard everything so why are you lying "(4.3.80), the audience noticed there were no trees or any type of setting to resemble that. This makes the words sound bad if the scenery does not match what is being acted out. Once again distractions cause problems within a play. Although the messenger coming down the aisle was an interesting touch, it caused my eyes to leave the stage, the main focus. There are some positive opinions on this production. The ending scene was very well acted and stressed what really went on in the text.

Causes Of Myasthenia Gravis Health And Social Care Essay

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune upset, the immune system attacks portion of the organic structure. In MG that portion is the muscular system. The organic structure produces antibodies that mark receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on the musculus cells at neuromuscular junctions. Peoples with MG have a one -third the normal figure of acetylcholine receptors here. On a whole -body degree, this causes weak and easy fatigued musculuss. MG affects 100s of 1000s of people worldwide. Mostly adult females in their mid-twentiess or mid-thirtiess, and work forces in their 1960ss and 1970ss. The particular symptoms depend upon the site of onslaught. For 85 % of patients, the disease causes generalised musculus failing. Many people develop a characteristic level smiling and rhinal voice and have trouble mastication and get downing due to affected facial and neck musculuss. Many have limb failing. About 15 % of patients experience the unwellness merely in the musculuss environing their eyes. The disease reaches crisis degree when respiratory musculuss are affected, necessitating a ventilator to back up external respiration. MG does non impact esthesis or physiological reactions ( Shier, 2010 ) . Causes of Myasthenia Gravis The exact cause of MG is non known. One theory is the status may be triggered by a virus or other infection that has a similar construction to a portion of the acetylcholine receptor. Sometimes adult females with MG who give birth transmit these peculiar antibodies to their babes, doing musculus failing in the baby. This is called neonatal myasthenia and occurs in approximately 12 % of babes whose female parent has MG. â€Å" It is different from inborn myasthenia because the infant gets better in a few hebdomads as the antibody blood degrees go down † ( MediResource, 2013 ) . The other abnormalcy that frequently shows up in people with myasthenia gravis is an hyperactive, overlarge, or otherwise nonfunctional Thymus. The Thymus is a secretory organ located where the cervix joins the thorax. It is of import for the normal development of the immune system. Normally, the Thymus is larger in childhood than in maturity and becomes inactive around pubescence. In people with MG, nevertheless, it frequently keeps traveling into maturity ( MediResource, 2013 ) . Some people with MG turn out to hold a thymoma ( a tumour in the Thymus ) . This is a type of malignant neoplastic disease, but really few people die of thymomas ( MediResource, 2013 ) . The most common symptoms of MG are the dual vision which is called diplopia, every bit good as saging palpebras which is called ptosis, and musculus failing that normally gets worse after exercising or at the terminal of the twenty-four hours and improves with remainder. ` Swallowing troubles are of peculiar concern as they can be unsafe. MG typically does good at the beginning of a repast but tyre at the terminal, do get downing excessively hard. Some deteriorate to name where there is entire loss of ability to masticate and get down. At this point, nutrient may lodge in the pharynx, or nutrient and drink may get down to travel the incorrect manner, for illustration into the trachea, doing coughing and choking. Foods which may trip MG symptoms may be: Very hot, Spicy, Dry and britty Foods which require a batch of masticating attempt, such as tough meats or chewy Sweets, could besides pall out the myasthenic and cause trouble in get downing ( Boyce, 2013 ) . Many people with MG upset find it temporarily impossible to eat may hold to be admitted to a infirmary and be fed intravenously. Of more immediate danger is when the disease causes trouble in breathingaˆÂ ¦This is called a myasthenic crisis, and it ‘s responsible for most of the little figure of deceases due to myasthenia gravis. Peoples with take a breathing jobs must travel to a infirmary instantly. ( Boyce, 2013 ) How is Myasthenia Gravis treated? Today, MG can be controlled. There are several therapies available to assist cut down and better musculus failing. Medicines used to handle the upset include anticholinesterase agents such as Prostigmin and pyridostigmine, which help better neuromuscular transmittal and increase musculus strength. Immunosuppressive drugs such as Orasone, cyclosporine, and Imuran may besides be used. These medicines improve musculus strength by stamp downing the production of unnatural antibodies. They must be used with careful medical followup because they may do major side effects ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . What is the forecast? With intervention, the mentality for most patients with MG is bright: they will hold important betterment of their musculus failing and they can anticipate to take normal or about normal lives. Some instances of MG may travel into remittal temporarily and muscle failing may vanish wholly so that medicines can be discontinued. Stable, durable complete remittals are the end of thymectomy. In a few instances, the terrible failing of MG may do a crisis which requires immediate exigency medical attention ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . How is Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosed? The first stairss of naming MG include a reappraisal of the person ‘s medical history, and physical and neurological scrutinies. The marks a doctor must look for are impairment of oculus motions or musculus failing without any alterations in the person ‘s ability to experience things. If the physician suspects MG, several trials are available to corroborate the diagnosing. A particular blood trial can observe the presence of immune molecules or acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Most patients with MG have abnormally elevated degrees of these antibodies. However, antibodies may non be detected in patients with lone optic signifiers of the disease ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . Another trial is called the edrophonium trial. This attack requires the endovenous disposal of edrophonium chloride or tensionA ® , a drug that blocks the debasement ( breakdown ) of acetylcholine and temporarily increases the degrees of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. In people with MG affecting the oculus musculuss, edrophonium chloride will briefly alleviate failing. Other methods to corroborate the diagnosing include a version of nervus conductivity survey which trials for specific musculus â€Å" weariness † by insistent nervus stimulation. This trial records weakening musculus responses when the nervousnesss are repetitively stimulated. Insistent stimulation of a nervus during a nervus conductivity survey may show decreases of the musculus action potency due to impaired nerve-to-muscle transmittal ( Nursing Link, 2013 ) . The Future The hereafter of Myasthenia Gravis lies in the elucidation of the molecular immunology of the anti-acetylcholine receptor response with the end of developing a rational intervention for the unwellness that will bring around the abnormalcy in the immune system that consequences in the AChR immune response. To this terminal, six wide classs of theoretical intervention schemes need to be explored. First, those interventions which target the antigen specific B-cells ; Second, those interventions which target the antigen specific CD4+ T-cells ; Third, those interventions which interfere with co-stimulatory response for antigen presentation, Fourth, interventions aimed at bring oning tolerance or anergy of the CD4+ T-cell to the car antigen or the CD4+ epitopes ; Fifth, those interventions designed to excite those immunological circuits which activate CD8+ cells specific for the activation antigens expressed by CD4+ cells and Sixth, those interventions which intervene with cytokine map and discourage autoimmune mediated inflammatory responses ( Howard, 2010 ) .

Analysis of “On Being a Cripple” by Nancy Mairs

The descriptive essay, â€Å"On Being A Cripple,† by Nancy Mairs demonstrates a purpose to postulate the way society has brainwashed people to judge others incorrectly in order to expose the true thoughts of a person living beneath the glamorized world. Mairs strongly feels that â€Å"[she has not] lost anything in the course of this calamitous disease† (37), known as Multiple Sclerosis, a disease that deteriorates the nerves and interferes with brain and body communication because the immune system has eaten away the protective covering on the nerve cells.To assert her confidence, Mairs initiates her essay with a strong, simple term to define herself: â€Å"a cripple† (37). She wants society to â€Å"wince† (37) in order to portray that candy coated euphemisms have made society weak. Mairs does not want her readers to feel sympathy, but to see the perspective of a person with the disease. Towards the end of the essay, Mairs is reflects back on society's w ays by comparing herself to other women who have the same disease and by declating she is â€Å"not a disease† (43) magnifies what this condition is to her on a more personal level.This disease is not just a besetment, it is a part of her life. Mairs exemplifies her suggested use of â€Å"cripple† by alluding to the â€Å"Lindsfarne Gospel† (37), which contains the first use of the word â€Å"cripple. † Mairs uses this to allow the audience to view the world in a more formal way. Therefore, a gospel might put on a different view of â€Å"cripple† rather than an impolite slang term.Her goal is to create an acceptance and understanding of the word and her condition to the society and the people who are living with the condition as well. Mairs points out numerous times that she has as learned to live through her disease in which she compares herself to many others who have MS yet gave up on trying to live their life; Mairs sees herself â€Å"like fat people, who are expected to be jolly,† (41) but states â€Å"cripples must bear their lot meekly and cheerfully,† (41) creating a comparison for herself.Subsequently, Mairs has added on more pressure for herself. Although she claims that she is against society's ways, she cares about the expectations they give her, later adding â€Å"this is a class act† (41). Trying to please society and herself at the same time is difficult for Mairs as she â€Å"[winds] up feeling like Tiny Tim, peering over the edge of the table†¦waving [her] crutch† (41), but prefers to be a â€Å"Caliban, a most scurvy monster† (42).When she feels like â€Å"Tiny Tim† (41), she is viewing herself how the world views her, a person who is disabled. Mairs would rather classify herself as a â€Å"Caliban† (42) or a â€Å"cripple† to evoke society to â€Å"wince† (37) at her and see her as the strong woman that she truly is. Nancy Mairs' purpose is to leave an effect on her readers to help them understand her feelings about the pressure society has established and how it has changed her and the rest of humanity in order to prove them wrong.

Overpopulation Essay

Overpopulation Essay There are many issues today that pose a threat to our way of life. Overpopulation is a serious problem that will eventually have an extremely negative effect on our countries, and our planet. The problems that arise due to overpopulation could even prove to a fatal epidemic that will eventually wipeout the entire human race. Oftentimes this issue is overlooked due to lack of knowledge and understanding of the subject; or, simply because most of us are so blessed that we are not affected first hand by the problems it is causing this very second. Overpopulation, in my belief, is an enormously serious global issue that should be identified, analyzed, and controlled immediately. The term overpopulation literally means that the number of things (in this case: humans) that depend on resources for survival is significantly larger than the amount of resources available to them. Today our planet is experiencing the effects of multiplying citizens because of the obstacles the environment is being forced to take on. Many believe that Earth is presently occupied by to many people (Stefoff 16). Year after year the population multiplies faster and faster. â€Å"Currently the world population is growing by 80 million people a year† (Hohm, Jones, and Lio 116). Presently, there are about 6 billion people occupying this planet, and by the middle of the approaching century the U.N. predicts that the count will reach 9.4 billion (Mitchell). Both developed and developing countries are at risk of the dangerous problems that overpopulation can and will create. â€Å"Nearly sixty percent of the increase will occur in Asia†¦China’s population will swell from 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion, India’s is projected to soar from 930 million to 1.53 billion. In the Middle East and North Africa, the population will probably more than double, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, it will triple† (Mitchell). â€Å"Population is determined by the interplay of two factors. One is the birth rate, or the number or people being born, and the other is death rate, or the number who die. The different between the two is call the rate of natural increase† (Stefoff 25). If the number of deaths is less than the number of births then the population is growing larger; consequently, if the number of deaths is greater than the number of births then the population is decreasing (Stefoff 25). A major factor that is sometimes overlooked is the idea that rapid growth will occur due to the larger size of the new reproductive generation in comparison with the much less past reproductive generations. This means that in the next twenty-five years about 3 billion people will begin the reproductive phase of their lives; while only approximately 1.8 billion people will withdraw from that stage of life (Mitchell). Uncontrolled, immature reproduction is a leading cause of overcrowding. Diseases and medical a dvances that cause a decrease in deaths are also aspects that affect population. Education, economic activity, and changes in standards of living all play a part in the increase of population (Commoner). Different concepts and appearances in our surroundings trick people into thinking that any problems with overpopulation are non-existent. Nations are separated into two categories: those with fast population increases, and those with slower population increases (Ehrlich 17). This division among nations is presented in the following quote: â€Å"An increasingly divided human community will degrade the global environment further as fraction within it struggle to dominate each other and exploit what remains of the nature’s resources. Political leaders must realize instead that we will need to build a compassionate sense of human community in a world scale to match the global environmental crisis that confronts everyone† (Hohm, Jones, and Lio 137). The world has enough wealth to make it appear that there are no population issues, but the wealth does not do any good because of its uneven distribution. The less fortunate nations have a greater birth rate because of poverty (C ommoner). Poverty stricken nations will double in human count in twenty years if they continue at their present rate. One hundred twenty years is the doubling time for more prosperous nations. This happens because of social and economic differences between the two; such as, human misery, diseases, and standards of living (Ehrlich 42). I would now like to introduce the Malthusian theories. Thomas Robert Malthus was one of the first to study population (Stefoff 34). â€Å"A population eventually becomes to big for its resource base, and then famine, war, and disease will impose population limits† (Stefoff 34). He has his own theory about population that states as follows: â€Å"The power of population is indefinately greater than the power in the Earth to produce substances for man.† This is further explained by his belief that populations increase geometrically (1-2-4-8-16), while resources can only grow  arithmetically (1-2-3-4-5) (). This theory is obviously logical simply because without food everyone will become malnutritioned and eventually starve to death. Food shortage gets a very small amount of attention among well-fed Americans because â€Å"we† have no reason to be aware or concerned about the danger that the shortages promote. Now that is becoming a more serious issue people are s lowly gaining awareness thanks to media such as news coverage (Ehrlich 21). Malnutrition is a problem in all parts of the world. Each year 40-60 million humans in underdeveloped countries die of starvation or illnesses related to it. Lack of nutrition can cause sicknesses such as anemia, rickets, pellagra as well. Poor immunity is also an outcome that puts people in danger of catching things like influenza, tetanus, measles, and tuberculosis (Stefoff 54). Many different circumstances and situation account for the rise and fall of population numbers. Along with rapid population growth come dangerous environmental problems. Population growth has contributed to every threat to our ecosystem. Overpopulation is the root of environmental deteriorations such as: global warming, the ozone holes, rainforest destruction, pollution, and many more. Global warming is the planet’s overall temperature rising because of a greater of concentration of greenhouse gases in the air. Human actives, including respiration, release these gases causing the Earth to heat slowly (Stefoff 39). Forests are being cut down quicker than they can reproduce themselves due to human need for more space. Deforestation presents other problems, such as the death of species. Edward Wilson, a biologist, believes that each year 10,000-17,500 species of plants, bird, insects, reptiles, and mammals become instinct (Stefoff 45). Pollution increase is an obvious environment problem that will increase drastically due to overpopulation. Although not mentioned very often , crime is one more negative effect that overpopulation would have on the world as far as social troubles are concerned. Now that I have discussed some of the causes of overpopulation, and the negative effects I would like to propose a few possibilities, that I have found throughout my research, to stop, or at least balance out the growing population size. Reducing birth rates by utilizing different strategies is the most prominent of these ideas. Increasing the legal marital age would postpone child bearing (Mitchell). One well-known method is called family planning. This method works by making birth control pills easily accessible, providing places for termination of pregnancies to occur, and helping people become more knowledgeable about abortions and contraception (Commoner). Laws could be passed making birth control mandintory, similar to the laws in China. According to Chinese law families would be faced with penalties if they had more than one offspring (Stefoff 87). Other nations enforce even stricter laws. All sources agreed that controlling birth rate and death rate would be the most effectiv e way of stabilizing population. The causes and effects of overpopulation covers such a vast array of ideas that it is impossible for one to cover every important detail of this ever growing environmental concern. In this semi-extensive research I have only taken the opportunity to provide the basic facts that are necessary in understanding that the rapid growth of our population needs our immediate attention. In conclusion, the world’s population will continue to grow as long as birth rate exceeds death rate. As far as resources are concerned, it is apparent that the era of cheap energy, adequate amounts of food, and necessary open spaces is coming to an end. Regardless of whether we admit it or not, our attempts to stabilize population, or our failure to do so, will have a devastating affect on our lives, and our home: Mother Earth. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Overpopulation topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Steel Properties and History

Steel Properties and History Steel is an alloy of iron that contains carbon. Typically the carbon content ranges from  0.002% and 2.1%  by weight. Carbon makes steel harder than pure iron. The carbon atoms make it more difficult for dislocations in the iron crystal lattice to slide past each other. There are many different types of steel.  Steel contains additional elements, either as impurities or added to confer desirable properties. Most steel contains  manganese,  phosphorus,  sulfur,  silicon, and trace amounts of aluminum,  oxygen, and nitrogen. Intentionally addition of nickel, chromium, manganese, titanium,  molybdenum,  boron, niobium and other metals influence the hardness, ductility, strength, and other properties of steel. Steel History The oldest piece of steel is a piece of ironware that was recovered from an archaeological site in Anatolia, dating back to about 2000 BC. Steel from ancient Africa dates back to 1400 BC. How Steel Is Made Steel contains iron and carbon, but when iron ore is smelted, it contains too much carbon to confer desirable properties for steel. Iron ore pellets are remelted and processed to reduce the amount of carbon. Then, additional elements are added and the steel is either continuously cast or made into ingots. Modern steel is made from pig iron  using one of two processes. About 40% of steel is made using the  basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process. In this process, pure oxygen is blown into melted iron, reducing the amounts of carbon, manganese, silicon, and phosphorus. Chemicals called fluxes further reduce levels of  sulfur and phosphorus in the metal.  In the United States, the BOF process recycles  25-35%  scrap steel to make new steel. In the U.S., the  electric arc furnace (EAF) process is used to make about 60% of steel, consisting nearly entirely of recycled scrap steel. Learn More List of Iron AlloysWhy Stainless Steel Is StainlessDamascus SteelGalvanized Steel

Homeopathy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Homeopathy - Essay Example Conventional medicine is the system being practiced by medical degree holders such as medical doctors and the medical practitioners who work with registered nurses, therapists, and psychologists. It is also referred to as mainstream medicine, or "regular" medicine. Complementary medicine, when practiced alone, is used along with conventional medicine to supplement the latter. An example of complementary medicine is the intake of plant extracts and juices believed to have extraordinary therapeutic effects to supplement conventional medicine. The use of alternative medicine, on the other hand, most of the time replaces conventional medicine. For example, a cancer patient may choose to engage in a series of practices including diets and supplements instead of going through the methods of conventional medicine which may include surgery and chemotherapy. Integrative medicine is defined as a practice that "combines mainstream medical therapies and CAM therapies for which there is some high -quality scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness" (NCCAM 2006). For some, the combination of mainstream medical therapies and CAM therapies is best than depending on a single ttype of therapy. Lastly, Complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM, is "a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine" (NCCAM 2006). It is a movement that is seeking ways to treat illness with minimal disruption of the internal environment of the body. A more organized and established example of alternative medicine is the practice of homeopathy. This form of alternative healing, which dates back to 200 years ago, uses a different approach in diagnosing and treating medical conditions. It is primarily based on the Law of Similars which promotes curing "like with like" which means that "small, highly weak & diluted quantities of medicinal substances is given to treat symptoms, but when the same substances are given at higher or more concentrated doses would actually cause those symptoms in patient" (Weiner & Goss 6). Homeopathy is one among the many approaches to complementary and alternative healing. Its increasing popularity over time and its worldwide success indicate that like most approaches to health care, it should be chosen with considerable care, and considered only as an alternative should other approaches to healing such as "conventional medicine" have proven unsuccessful. There are however some doubts on the usefulness and affectivity of the practice of homeopathy. The modern medical practice as we know it is well founded on scientific studies and proofs. There is a growing trend in modern society to seek natural healing treatment for various illnesses that plague mankind. Homeopathy, despite considered to be unscientific by some, is one of those CAM that society is willing to try. The main reason is the that modern medicine, which is based on pharmaceutical products, do not address all the concerns of the ailing public. People want more preventive and natural remedies and don't want to become human experiments for pharmaceutical drugs. Most pharmaceutical products have harmful side effects, sad to say, some of these side effects

International financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International financial management - Essay Example Foreign exchange market makes it possible for both private and commercial transactions including loans, investments, and foreign trade. The existence of a foreign exchange market is a result of economies employing national currencies rather than a common currency (Kumar, and Mukherjee, 2007; Butcher, 2011). If the world economy was to use a single currency, foreign markets could not be a necessity. The foreign exchange market is exceedingly active, and it is largely an over the counter market. Although the exchanges trade futures and option, a number of transactions are over the counter (Brigham, and Houston, 2009). The future expected spot price is the market's belief about an asset’s spot price in the future (Poniachek, 2012). This leads to a question of whether or not one can use the current forward price to predict the particular future spot price. A number of hypotheses have been in place to try clarifying the relationship between the expected future spot price, and the c urrent forward price (Wang, 2009). In the field of financial economics, there has been intensive examination by researchers on the â€Å"Forward Rate Unbiased Hypothesis† (FRUH), as Kumar (2011) indicates. ... This means that organizations can look upon a future exchange rate that is prevailing today as the spot rate of the future date (Sharan, 2006; Carbaugh, 2011). In the case of an assumption that the forex market is rational or efficient, the spot rate that is common at the future date should be in tandem with the future rate for that date established in the market today. Contrary to this belief, scientific evidence indicates that there are significant variations between the forward market rates and the spot rates (Kumar, 2011). In addition, the studies have not been able to produce any material evidence to prove that forward market rate can predict the future spot rates. Some forecasters hold the believe that foreign exchange markets for the principal floating currencies are efficient, and that forward market rates are an unbiased indicators of the future spot exchange rates. Unbiased prediction implies that the forward exchange rate will, on average, underestimate and overestimate th e actual future spot exchange rate in equivalent degree and frequency. There is a probability that the forward market rate may not be equivalent to the future spot exchange rates. This relationship’s rationale is founded on the assumption that: a) There is a quick reflection of all relevant information in both the forward exchange markets and spot exchange markets b) Instruments that are denominated in the various currencies are perfect alternates for each other c) Operation costs are minimal 3. The future spot rate and the forward rate One can make out the relationship between the forward market rate and the expected future spot rate on the unbiased forward rate theory. This theory claims that the forward exchange rate is the superlative, and a balanced,

American History I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History I - Essay Example It is through religion that the blacks found a tool of enduring enslavement with their dignity still intact. Religion strengthened their belief that they will get their freedom. Other worshippers, however, felt that the whites became sent by God, to deliver them from their bondage. Through this, they became more loyal to the slave masters. Family was significant to the enslaved people. Family allowed the male slaves is more than a working beast. It gave him the opportunity of being a father, and also a husband. Women became allowed to be mothers and wives, and to take on responsibilities different from their slave duties (Stanley, 2000). Even though, on one hand the masters wanted these families since they wanted slaves to reproduce, they allowed for a whole new generation, to develop. Families weakened slavery because it is out of families that communities’ grew these turned out to be a world that the slave master never knew about, leading to easy riots and ganging up against slavery (Stanley, 2000). While region did both weaken and strengthened the institution of slavery, family weakened the institution completely. Families became able to plot on how to gang up against the masters without their knowledge. Slave leaders found it easier to pass information through families rather than holding public gatherings (Stanley,

Case Study: Developmental Reading

Case Study: Developmental Reading The article attempted to explain how creative activities for third year high school students affect their critical thinking skills. Comparing two groups, the Instruction with Creative Activities (ICA) and the Instruction with No Creative Activities (INCA), the study expected the ICA group to have higher mean scores and mean gains in their Chemistry Test for Higher Order Thinking Skills (ChemTHOTS) and in their pretest to posttest respectively. Although, findings suggest that there are no significant differences between both groups mean test scores, it made a distinguishing suggestion that activities given to each group should have been more varied. Creative Thinking Critical Thinking There have been studies that tried to link creativity with critical thinking, however most findings do not show direct evidence to support this theory. Recommendations range from conducting more investigations on the subject as well as lengthening study period for which the research will be conducted. On the other hand, studies also show that use of varied creative techniques do help students train their imagination. Imagination being a clear use of mental processes way beyond the usual stretching of the brain. Imagination here can then be linked to perspective taking and reflective thinking which are considered high order thinking skills. As children put themselves in different scenarios, find ways to solve problems and visualize certain concepts, they do tap on this very rich brain activity that actually provides basis for better understanding and critical thinking. We can say that as creative thinking explores various evaluative actions, critical thinking, in turn, plays with taking different scenarios. The blending of these processes (as shown from the image I shared on the earlier page) are manifested when we try to see a problem and come up with several ways to solve it or when we try to understand a person, a story or a situation, and put ourselves in different perspectives. This is most evident during play when children try to explore limitless boundaries and when children come up with a creation that they are proud to call their own. In a classroom setting, an important goal is to achieve literacy, a solid understanding of concepts, as well as to sustain learning, its different forms and levels. However, this is a very delicate and complicated feat that entails an interactive approach from the teacher and a response from the learner. Thus making the learning process, a responsibility of all the key players. And aside from the traditional rigid methods, there are various ways to achieve these goals. For the purpose of this study, methods that promote creative thinking like art, play and games are proposed. Concretely, a lesson on Shakespearean plays can be made more colorful if instead of asking students to memorize and discuss lines, they would come up with their own rendition of a particular scene. A lesson on the Solar System can be made more meaningful if instead of just asking students to memorize the different planets and come up with a model, they could pretend to be traveling from one planet to another and from each planet they are to send a postcard describing about their location and their stay there. And a lesson on the different countries of Africa can be made more indelible if instead of just being able to locate them on the map, they would learn a particular dance move and associate that with a country, and then probably come up with their own Countries of Africa dance. The study is most relevant as it is the era when learners want to be more involved with the learning process. They want hands-on, application and practice. It is also the time when it is highly encouraged for the educators to tailor-fit their lessons to varied learners with equally diverse learning styles. It is now a call to educators to sustain their learning and to respond with methods that are perfect match to their learning needs. And in the search for these methods, we find ways to tap on higher levels of thinking skills, providing our students with immeasurable education. As educators, we ourselves are front liners in pursuing this path for our learners. We must engage them in the learning process by providing them with instructional strategies and methods that let them actually grasp what they are trying to understand. We should not limit their minds but rather let them explore the world. And as they go about this exploration, we ourselves should be with them and continuously open our minds and make our world even richer, paving the way for our students. We can never be the architects of the workings of our students minds. I learned this the hard way while insisting to my then two-year old boy that he should learn about and articulate back the life cycle of a butterfly. The only things I got out of that episode were painful tears and disappointment with myself. I should have waited for him to be ready and it would have been best had I tried to look for ways to pique his interest and imaginative skills first. All we can do really is not to design their minds but design lessons they can gradually assimilate with much enthusiasm and through various experiences. As a parent and a future pre-school educator, I should also keep in mind that my children will be growing up pretty fast. Each day is a learning day and there really is no turning back. I should make the most out of the time I am given with them. I should always be able to come up with a great lesson, always enticing their interest and always making sure that they leave the class feeling proud of themselves for creating something. I should help them use their minds in many different ways, always with the goal for them to learn something new. And that, they arrive at such learning not only through reason, but more importantly, with a great deal of sentiment and imagination. Roger Chillingworth | Character Analysis Roger Chillingworth | Character Analysis The Scarlet Letter is a story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is based on the Puritans lifestyle during the 17th century in Boston and Massachusetts. It is written in twenty four chapters starting with The Prison Door and ends with the conclusion. Main characters in the story are Hester Prynne, Pearl, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, Mistress Hibbins, Governor Bellingham, and Rev John Wilson. These characters played different interesting parts, some good and some bad. Nevertheless the story is about a woman named Hester Prynne whom the puritans at that time, believed she was a symbolism of adultery, because she was made pregnant by an unknown man, whom hes identity remains a secret until the end of the story. Her long lost forgotten old husband Roger Chillingworth who was assume death, appears in one of the scenes where Hester is been disgraced in public for carrying an unknown mans baby. As a consequence of her adulterous act, she has to carry a letter A on her bosom for t he rest of her life. The A means adultery, and wherever she goes to, she is recognized as the sinful, impure woman. Hester proves shes tough and decides to take all the blames and guilt to protect her lover in a time when women were subordinate to their male partners. Arthur Dimmesdale was a minister, man of God, preacher who the puritans look up to him for spiritual advices. He appears to play a huge role in Hesters shameful atrocities. Moreover, Authors identity as Hesters lover and babys father is kept only by him and Hester, but still she takes all the blames. He valued his appearance more than being a father to the baby and this makes him a hypocrate in the story. His hypocrisy leads him to be sick and finally to his grave after confessing he was the Hesters babys father. A lesson is learning in this for people should not value the nurture appearances than who they really are as a person. This essay will explain the evil role played by Roger Chillingworth in the story. Just by calling his name, a sense of evil can be felt, and a dangerous old man with a scary face can be painted in the mind of the readers. Roger who appeared in one of the scenes when Hester was being punished and disgraced in public, asked an Indian native who appeared to be watching Hester what was going, as he was told what happen, He changed his identity to a physician.( the American literature, pg 1384). No one could recognize him except Hester who spotted him in the crowd. Roger not wanting to expose his identity places a finger on his lip as a gestation for Hester who knew who he was to keep it as a secret. Rogers intention was to go deep in search for the man responsible for Hesters public humiliation; second Roger feels he would be laugh at by the people of Boston if he had been with Hester as a husband after she carried the scarlet letter A. She was young and beautiful carrying someones baby, while he thinks he was too old. He blames himself for marrying her in the first place, because he loved her with all his heart and knew she was always going to make him happy. Things changed unexpected when he takes the responsibility to change his identity so he could be a free man in the city. Roger Chillingworth becomes jealous, and brings out the evil in him. He becomes the main character to play the most interesting and scariest role. Roger Chillingworths character is dynamic, from a regular lost husband, to an unrecognized person in the crowd, to a physician. Roger Chillingworth decision to disguise himself is only known by Hester, but hes main mission was to uncover Hesters secret lover who is suppose to be part of the humiliations. He quickly grabs an opportunity to be close to the minister after he fell sick and forced to receive medical attention from Roger Chillingworth. The minister and Roger Chillingworth quickly became friends as they get to spend most of their free time together. While being a good help to the minister, Roger also goes deep in the ministers mind to bring out the truth about Hester and her hidden lover. Roger Chillingworth suddenly discovers Dimmesdales role in the secret relationship with Hester. Moreover, Arthur also senses something wrong about Roger Chillingworth not knowing he was Hesters husband whom they assume death. David Herbert litrary analysis of the scarlet letter describes Hester instead of Roger Chillingworth as the symbol of evil in the story. Oh, Hester, you are a demon. A man must be pure, just so that you can seduce him to a fall (DHL chapter 7). David Herbert blames Hester for being the cause of destruction in the life of Roger Chillingworth and the minister Arthur Dimmesdale. Roger Chillingworths character could be described as someone, whose act could make the audience think he believed in satanic worships, never the less he simple believe in the Puritans principles and doctrines. As a dynamic character, Roger Chillingworth also brings out a good side from his dark self when he visits Hester in jail, gives her medication for her baby and herself. Being cunning as he has been he confesses to Hester Prynne for putting her in that situation. I, a man of thought, the bookworm of great libraries, a man already in decay, having given my best years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge-what had I to do with youth and beauty like yours? Misshapen from the time I was born, how could I delude myself with the idea that intellectual gifts might veil physical deformity in a young girls fantasy! From the moment when we came down the old church steps together as a married pair I should have foreseen the bale-fire of that scarlet letter blazing at the end of our path.(1391) This act is great and touching, but very disappointing to know he was simply carrying out his evil research to expose the truth. Never the less the both acknowledge the fact that the hurt each other. Hester and the minister feel guilty and to seek redemption, walking away from their sin and disgrace. Hester finds a community service while the ministers consequences for his sin put him into great distress and physical and mentally breakdown. Roger Chillingworth becomes the middle person to understand what Hester and Dimmesdale are going through. He transforms into more evil than he had been. He finds means to destroy Hesters reputation which was already in bondage. As years goes by, Roger Chillingworths transformation makes him the real symbolism of evil in the story. Hester describes Roger Chillingworths past as someone who was a misshapen scholar who was slightly deformed, with his left shoulder a trifle higher than the right (hawthorn 2003, p.50). So hes evil and scary description is not a new thing, but something the author had describes in the beginning, differentiating him from other characters in the story. Over the course of the story, sin becomes part of the main characters life. Arthur is guilty for sinning with a married woman, Hester commits adultery, never the less Roger Chillingworths sin is the biggest of all because all he does is sick revenge to hurt and destroy others. Secondly hes been blame for hes lost that put Dimmesdal and Hester in the mess in which they are in. The puritans believed that every sinner should be punishing, and Hester was just a victim in this case. Hester finds herself in an internal conflict with Roger Chillingworth. She fears the minister being around the fake physician, and fears not tell him that Roger was her husband. She knows how dangerous Roger was. The audience does not understand why she hides the truth from the minister. Hester gets into an external conflict with the environment in which she lived in. she became uncomfortable with every person around her including Roger Chillingworth. The only person she could look up to was the minister, and they only place for them to meet was in the forest. Never the less its not secured because evil Chillingworth would watch from every corner. Men, women, young and old, made fun of her, She had no support and no food for her and the baby Pearl. Living in real life with no family or friend to look up is frustrating. She is frustrated even in her own home because of Roger Chillingworths presence. Conflicts were not only Hesters, but Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth did face conflicts. Dimmesdale cause for his illness and breakdown was as a result of conflicting with his inner self. Hester was the only character to conflict a group of people. This is seen when her child was taken from her, she fights. Hester makes the scarlet letter more fun and wear it in a more fashion way that an ordinary person thought the A stands for an angel from heaven. She decides to keep the letter even when she had the chances of taking it out. The scarlet letter became a symbolism of love to Hesters daughter. She admires it and could identify her mom quick when she had the letter on her bosom. The author presents revenge as an unnatural act that twists a persons soul into something evil. In the puritan world, revenge belongs to God alone, nonetheless, roger takes upon himself to play Gods role and becomes the real Satan that Christian churches preach against. His ability to manipulate over people helps brings out some of the hidden truth thats been kept between Hester and Dimmesdale for a very long time. Rogers cunning conversations, finally puts him in a position to expose and destroy the hidden lovers reputation. Nevertheless Pearl is the symbol of sin committed between the minister and Hester Prynne. Roger Chillingworth is also described as an intellingent man, who intelligence turn to evil and he was so smart to do whatever he did. Arthur Dimmesdale believed he also carried a Scarlet letter deep in his heart even though it wasnt visible. Because of this, he carried most of the pain and sufferings. Roger Chillingworths intention was real evil when he confessed not to kill Hester Prynne or the baby Pearl, but to make Hester suffer for the rest of her life. He wants the truth to be known only by him so he will have the power to carry more evil actions. This thought also tells the audience what an evil person he was. Roger Chilling now not only became a physician but someone to determine evil and good babies. This is seen when he examines Pearl and said she was clean and ok. His intention was not to make Pearl been taken away, instead to keep her with her mother so he would have the opportunity to torment her the more until he became satisfied which he never did. He says complains of Pearl belonging to Hester only and not him, and she would never recognize his voice Live, therefore and hear about thy doom with thee, in the eyes of men and women, in the eyes of him whom thou did call your husband.(Nathaniel Hawthorne, chapter 4) Roger Chillingworth might have been doing the right thing since he himself was the puritan, and anyone in his position would have done the same thing. He tries to make himself a good man throughout the story, none the less, Hester confirms him by saying thy act are like mercy, but they words interpret thee as a terror (pg .1426). Roger Chillingworth and Minister Dimmesdalel never get to be friends after they knew who was who. Dimmesdales revelation puts Roger chillingworth in a difficult position. He became frustrated and doesnt know who to blame and toment anymore.